使用 IAM 进行访问权限控制

本主题介绍如何管理对 Cloud KMS 资源的访问权限。

概览

要管理对 Cloud KMS 资源（例如密钥和密钥环）的访问权限，您需要授予 Identity and Access Management (IAM) 角色。您可以授予或限制执行特定加密操作的权限，例如轮替密钥或加密数据。您可以针对以下资源授予 IAM 角色：

• 密钥
• 密钥环，由密钥环中的所有密钥继承
• Google Cloud 项目，由项目中的所有密钥继承
• 一个 Google Cloud 文件夹，由文件夹中所有项目中的所有密钥继承
• 组织，由组织中文件夹中的所有密钥继承 Google Cloud

如需查看 Cloud KMS 操作以及 IAM 角色和权限的完整列表，请参阅 权限和角色。如需查看 Cloud KMS 资源的完整列表以及这些资源之间的关系，请参阅 Cloud KMS 资源。

准备工作

如需完成这些任务，您需要具备管理项目 Google Cloud 中的 Cloud KMS 资源的权限。Cloud KMS Admin 角色 (roles/cloudkms.admin) 包含所需的权限。

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In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the required API.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

Enable the API

安装 Google Cloud CLI。

如果您使用的是外部身份提供方 (IdP)，则必须先使用联合身份登录 gcloud CLI。

如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

gcloud init

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the required API.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

Enable the API

安装 Google Cloud CLI。

如果您使用的是外部身份提供方 (IdP)，则必须先使用联合身份登录 gcloud CLI。

如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

gcloud init

1. 创建资源，例如密钥环。
2. 获取所创建资源的资源 ID，例如密钥环、密钥和密钥版本。

只有具有 Owner (roles/owner) 或 Cloud KMS Admin (roles/cloudkms.admin) 角色的 IAM 主账号才能授予或撤消对 Cloud KMS 资源的访问权限。

针对资源授予角色

以下示例授予一个角色，该角色提供对 Cloud KMS 密钥的访问权限：

gcloud kms keys add-iam-policy-binding key \
    --keyring key-ring \
    --location location \
    --member principal-type:principal-email \
    --role roles/role

using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Kms.V1;

public class IamAddMemberSample
{
    public Policy IamAddMember(
      string projectId = "my-project", string locationId = "us-east1", string keyRingId = "my-key-ring", string keyId = "my-key",
      string member = "user:foo@example.com")
    {
        // Create the client.
        KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the resource name.
        CryptoKeyName resourceName = new CryptoKeyName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId, keyId);

        // The resource name could also be a key ring.
        // var resourceName = new KeyRingName(projectId, locationId, keyRingId);

        // Get the current IAM policy.
        Policy policy = client.IAMPolicyClient.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest
            { 
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName
            });

        // Add the member to the policy.
        policy.AddRoleMember("roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter", member);

        // Save the updated IAM policy.
        Policy result = client.IAMPolicyClient.SetIamPolicy(
            new SetIamPolicyRequest
            {
                ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
                Policy = policy
            });

        // Return the resulting policy.
        return result;
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	kms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
)

// iamAddMember adds a new IAM member to the Cloud KMS key
func iamAddMember(w io.Writer, name, member string) error {
	// NOTE: The resource name can be either a key or a key ring. If IAM
	// permissions are granted on the key ring, the permissions apply to all keys
	// in the key ring.
	//
	// name := "projects/my-project/locations/us-east1/keyRings/my-key-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key"
	// member := "user:foo@example.com"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := kms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create kms client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Get the current IAM policy.
	handle := client.ResourceIAM(name)
	policy, err := handle.Policy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get IAM policy: %w", err)
	}

	// Grant the member permissions. This example grants permission to use the key
	// to encrypt data.
	policy.Add(member, "roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter")
	if err := handle.SetPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save policy: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated IAM policy for %s\n", name)
	return nil
}

import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyName;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import