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Psychology 101 comprehensive study guide

Table of contents

  • Course overview
  • Lecture 1: What is psychology?
  • Lecture 2: Research methods
  • Practice questions
  • Study strategies

Course overview

Meeting times: MWF 10:10-11:00 AM, Lab Tuesdays 2:00-4:50 PM
Office hours: Tuesdays 1-3 PM, Thursdays 11 AM-1 PM

Key dates to remember
  • February 21: Midterm exam 1
  • March 7: Article critique due
  • April 4: Midterm exam 2
  • May 12: Final exam (8:00-11:00 AM)
Grade breakdown
  • Midterm exam 1: 20%
  • Midterm exam 2: 20%
  • Final exam: 30%
  • Research participation: 10%
  • Lab assignments & quizzes: 10%
  • Class participation: 5%
  • Article critique: 5%

Lecture 1: What is psychology?

Core definition

Psychology = The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Key characteristics of psychology as a science
  • Uses empirical methods (observation and experimentation)
  • Seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
  • Builds theories based on systematic research
  • Follows scientific method principles
Historical timeline
Philosophical roots (Ancient times - 1800s)

Ancient Greeks: Mind-body problem

  • Plato: Mind separate from body (dualism)
  • Aristotle: Mind and body connected (monism)

Later philosophers:

  • René Descartes: Cartesian dualism
  • John Locke: Empiricism and "blank slate" (tabula rasa)
Birth of scientific psychology (1879)
  • Wilhelm Wundt: First psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany
  • Introduced introspection as research method
  • Structuralism: Breaking consciousness into basic elements
Early schools of thought
Functionalism (William James, G. Stanley Hall)
  • Focus: Purpose and adaptation of mental processes
  • Key concept: "Stream of consciousness"
Behaviorism (John Watson, B.F. Skinner)
  • Focus: Only observable behavior should be studied
  • Rejected introspection and consciousness
  • Famous quote: "Give me a dozen healthy infants..."
Gestalt psychology (Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler)
  • Key principle: "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
  • Emphasized perception and problem-solving
Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud)
  • Focus: Unconscious mind drives behavior
  • Methods: Dream analysis, free association
  • Concepts: Defense mechanisms, psychosexual development
Modern psychological perspectives
Biological perspective
  • Brain structure and function
  • Neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics
  • Evolutionary influences
Cognitive perspective
  • Mental processes: thinking, memory, perception
  • Information processing model
  • Language and problem-solving
Behavioral perspective
  • Learning through conditioning