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Psychology 101 comprehensive study guide
Table of contents
- Course overview
- Lecture 1: What is psychology?
- Lecture 2: Research methods
- Practice questions
- Study strategies
Course overview
Meeting times: MWF 10:10-11:00 AM, Lab Tuesdays 2:00-4:50 PM
Office hours: Tuesdays 1-3 PM, Thursdays 11 AM-1 PM
Key dates to remember
- February 21: Midterm exam 1
- March 7: Article critique due
- April 4: Midterm exam 2
- May 12: Final exam (8:00-11:00 AM)
Grade breakdown
- Midterm exam 1: 20%
- Midterm exam 2: 20%
- Final exam: 30%
- Research participation: 10%
- Lab assignments & quizzes: 10%
- Class participation: 5%
- Article critique: 5%
Lecture 1: What is psychology?
Core definition
Psychology = The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Key characteristics of psychology as a science
- Uses empirical methods (observation and experimentation)
- Seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
- Builds theories based on systematic research
- Follows scientific method principles
Historical timeline
Philosophical roots (Ancient times - 1800s)
Ancient Greeks: Mind-body problem
- Plato: Mind separate from body (dualism)
- Aristotle: Mind and body connected (monism)
Later philosophers:
- René Descartes: Cartesian dualism
- John Locke: Empiricism and "blank slate" (tabula rasa)
Birth of scientific psychology (1879)
- Wilhelm Wundt: First psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany
- Introduced introspection as research method
- Structuralism: Breaking consciousness into basic elements
Early schools of thought
Functionalism (William James, G. Stanley Hall)
- Focus: Purpose and adaptation of mental processes
- Key concept: "Stream of consciousness"
Behaviorism (John Watson, B.F. Skinner)
- Focus: Only observable behavior should be studied
- Rejected introspection and consciousness
- Famous quote: "Give me a dozen healthy infants..."
Gestalt psychology (Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler)
- Key principle: "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
- Emphasized perception and problem-solving
Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud)
- Focus: Unconscious mind drives behavior
- Methods: Dream analysis, free association
- Concepts: Defense mechanisms, psychosexual development
Modern psychological perspectives
Biological perspective
- Brain structure and function
- Neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics
- Evolutionary influences
Cognitive perspective
- Mental processes: thinking, memory, perception
- Information processing model
- Language and problem-solving
Behavioral perspective
- Learning through conditioning

