Arrow functions in JavaScript

Last Updated : 16 Jan, 2026

Arrow functions in JavaScript are a concise way to write functions using the => syntax, automatically binding this from the surrounding context.

The following code defines an arrow function that takes two numbers and returns their sum.

JavaScript
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
console.log(add(5, 3));

Syntax:

const functionName = (parameters) => {  // function body  return result;};
  • const: declares the function as a constant variable.
  • functionName: name of the arrow function.
  • (parameters): inputs to the function.
  • =>: arrow showing it’s an arrow function (replaces function keyword).
  • { ... }: function body where code runs.
  • return result; : explicitly returns a value.

1. Arrow Function without Parameters

An arrow function without parameters is defined using empty parentheses (). This type of function is useful when no input values are needed, such as for callbacks, timers, or simple operations.

JavaScript
const gfg = () => {
    console.log( "Hi from GeekforGeeks!" );
}
gfg();

2. Arrow Function with Single Parameters

When an arrow function has only one parameter, parentheses around the parameter can be omitted, making the syntax shorter and cleaner. This is commonly used in callbacks, array methods, or simple operations.

JavaScript
const square = x => x*x;
console.log(square(4));

3. Arrow Function with Multiple Parameters

Arrow functions with multiple parameters, like (param1, param2) => { }, simplify writing concise function expressions in JavaScript, useful for functions requiring more than one argument.

JavaScript
const gfg = ( x, y, z ) => {
    console.log( x + y + z )
}
gfg( 10, 20, 30 );

4. Arrow Function with Default Parameters

Arrow functions support default parameters, allowing predefined values if no argument is passed, making JavaScript function definitions more flexible and concise.

JavaScript
const gfg = ( x, y, z = 30 ) => {
    console.log( x + " " + y +